APES- Environmental History and Law- Presentation (Guided Viewing)
1: What are the 4 stages of American Environmental History?
The hunter gatherers are considered to have a low environmental impact because they have small populations, low rescue use per person and because they have nomadic/shifting land use.
3: Why do you think Jared Diamond coined the agricultural revolution as the “Greatest Mistake
in Human History”?
I think Jared Diamond coined the agricultural revolution as the “greatest mistake in human history”, because it was a mono culture with more habitat destruction and more demand.
4: Contrast the Good and Bad of the Agricultural Revolution
Good
5: What are the “Roots of abuse” in the American Frontier Era? The “Roots of abuse” in the American Frontier Era are the first colonists. They brought three things that change the continent such as guns, axes, and wheels. There was a man who is controller of the land called Manifest Destiny. Also there was a Western Expansion with unlimited resources.
6: Look at the graphic of the North American Buffalo territory- what happened to the Buffalo over a short period of time? Over the short period of time, the graphic of the North American Buffalo territory shows that it is getting smaller and smallr and that the area that are living is decreasing at a fast rate.
7: List HOW the Industrial Revolution impacted the environment.
-Shift from renewable wood to non-renewable fuels.
-Switch from small-scale, handmade, localized production to large-scale manufacturing production
-Factory towns, cities appeared
-Move from rural to urban areas
-Mechanized agriculture increased food production
– Longer lifespan
– Larger per-person resource use
– Increased habitat destruction and pollution
8: List the GOOD and Bad news of the Industrial-Medical Revolution
Good
-1832-1870: The public started to notice and grew alarm of the loss of forests, resources and wilderness. Beginnings of federal control began also.
-1870-1930: New government and non government groups formed to protect natural resources and many laws and acts were passed. Involving John Muir, Teddy Roosevelt, and Gifford Pinchot and was also the golden age of conservation.
-1930-1960: This was the time of the great depression, dust bowl and the world wars. There was a sense of environmental responsibility and connection growing and large areas of land that were purchased by the government.
10: Explain how each of the following “Early Environmentalists” impacted the environmental movement:
* Henry David Thoreau- Massachusetts wildlife areas. "Walden pond" "Life in the woods"
* George Perkins Marsh- Warned about the collapse of civilization in "Man and Nature" first advocate to regulate land use.
* John Wesley Powell- Powell Report – first advocate to regulate land use
* President Grant- Created the Yellowstone National Park.
* President Harrison- Passed a law stating that the President could set aside lands for national parks and national forests. Also, an extremely crucial legislation for the environment.
* John Muir- Founded Sierra Club 1892.
* Gifford Pinchot- First Chief U.S. Forester
* Theodore Roosevelt- Created 40+ wildlife refuges, tripled forest reserves.
* Stephen Mather- 1st Head of Park Service
11: What was the 1st federal land restoration project?
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was the 1st federal land restoration project.
12: What were the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) responsible for?
The Civilian Conservation Corps was responsible for planted trees, erosion control, and nature trails.
13: Why was the “Taylor Grazing Act” important to the environment? Explain.
The “Taylor Grazing Act” was important to the environment, because regulated the grazing of public land.
14: Why was WWII the end of the Conservation Era?
WWII was the end of the Conversation Era, because America’s primary goal was to consume.
15: When did the environmental era start? Who was responsible for “starting” the movement? How? The environment era start in 1960. Rachel Carson was responsible for “starting” the movement by writing a book called “Silent Springs” that illustrated these environmental problems to the public.
16: Who was Aldo Leopold? Aldo Leopold was an environmental philosopher and who wrote the book “Sand County Almanac” that talked about humans being party of the community that include natural resources.
17: When was the 1st official “Earth Day”? The 1st official “Earth Day” was January 1st, 1970.
18: What were some key legislation in the 60‘s, 70’s and 80’s?
-1964 Wilderness act
-1968 Wild and scenic Rivers act
-1969 National Environmental Policy Act
-1972 The Clean Air Act
-1972 The Clean Water Act
-1972 Pesticide Control Act
-1973 Endangered Species Act
-1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
-1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
-1980 Alaska Lands bill
-1980 Superfund
19: What is the EPA? What are they responsible for? The EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency and they are responsible for federal money for studying and improving environmental quality.
20: Who are the NRCS? What are they responsible for? What about CITES? The NRCS are a Natural Resources Conservation Service and Originally the Soil Conservation Service. They are responsible for monitor private land use, advises landowners on soil/water conservation methods. CITES are Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species and they are responsible for penalizing those who trade in endangered organisms or their body parts.
21: List the following:
* Montreal Protocol:
The 1987 international agreement by UNEP to phase out of ozone-depleting chemicals by 200/2005. Even Though it was successful, there’s new ozone-depleting chemicals being discovered.
* IPCC: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 1998. Thousand of scientists monitor, share and publish reports on atmospheric change
* Kyoto Protocol: A 1997 international agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 5% by 2012. It was NOT signed by the USA.
22: List some of the important U.S. Environmental Laws below:
- Hunter gatherer society
- Agricultural Revolution
- Industrial/Medical revolution
- Information/Globalization revolution
The hunter gatherers are considered to have a low environmental impact because they have small populations, low rescue use per person and because they have nomadic/shifting land use.
3: Why do you think Jared Diamond coined the agricultural revolution as the “Greatest Mistake
in Human History”?
I think Jared Diamond coined the agricultural revolution as the “greatest mistake in human history”, because it was a mono culture with more habitat destruction and more demand.
4: Contrast the Good and Bad of the Agricultural Revolution
Good
- More food
- Destruction of habitat
- Supported a larger population
- Killing of wild animals feeding on grasses
- Longer life of expectancy
- Fertile land turned into deserts
- Formations of villages, towns, and cities
- Soil eroded into streams and lakes
- Higher standards for many people
- Increase of slaver
- Towns of cities used for trade or government
5: What are the “Roots of abuse” in the American Frontier Era? The “Roots of abuse” in the American Frontier Era are the first colonists. They brought three things that change the continent such as guns, axes, and wheels. There was a man who is controller of the land called Manifest Destiny. Also there was a Western Expansion with unlimited resources.
6: Look at the graphic of the North American Buffalo territory- what happened to the Buffalo over a short period of time? Over the short period of time, the graphic of the North American Buffalo territory shows that it is getting smaller and smallr and that the area that are living is decreasing at a fast rate.
7: List HOW the Industrial Revolution impacted the environment.
-Shift from renewable wood to non-renewable fuels.
-Switch from small-scale, handmade, localized production to large-scale manufacturing production
-Factory towns, cities appeared
-Move from rural to urban areas
-Mechanized agriculture increased food production
– Longer lifespan
– Larger per-person resource use
– Increased habitat destruction and pollution
8: List the GOOD and Bad news of the Industrial-Medical Revolution
Good
- Mass production of useful and affordable product
- Higher standard of living for many
- Greatly increase of agricultural production
- Lower infant mortality
- Longer life expectancy
- Increased urbanization
- Increased of water pollution
- Increased of air pollution
- Increased waste production
- Soil depletion and degradation
- Groundwater depletion
- Habitat destruction and degradation
- Biodiversity depletion
-1832-1870: The public started to notice and grew alarm of the loss of forests, resources and wilderness. Beginnings of federal control began also.
-1870-1930: New government and non government groups formed to protect natural resources and many laws and acts were passed. Involving John Muir, Teddy Roosevelt, and Gifford Pinchot and was also the golden age of conservation.
-1930-1960: This was the time of the great depression, dust bowl and the world wars. There was a sense of environmental responsibility and connection growing and large areas of land that were purchased by the government.
10: Explain how each of the following “Early Environmentalists” impacted the environmental movement:
* Henry David Thoreau- Massachusetts wildlife areas. "Walden pond" "Life in the woods"
* George Perkins Marsh- Warned about the collapse of civilization in "Man and Nature" first advocate to regulate land use.
* John Wesley Powell- Powell Report – first advocate to regulate land use
* President Grant- Created the Yellowstone National Park.
* President Harrison- Passed a law stating that the President could set aside lands for national parks and national forests. Also, an extremely crucial legislation for the environment.
* John Muir- Founded Sierra Club 1892.
* Gifford Pinchot- First Chief U.S. Forester
* Theodore Roosevelt- Created 40+ wildlife refuges, tripled forest reserves.
* Stephen Mather- 1st Head of Park Service
11: What was the 1st federal land restoration project?
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was the 1st federal land restoration project.
12: What were the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) responsible for?
The Civilian Conservation Corps was responsible for planted trees, erosion control, and nature trails.
13: Why was the “Taylor Grazing Act” important to the environment? Explain.
The “Taylor Grazing Act” was important to the environment, because regulated the grazing of public land.
14: Why was WWII the end of the Conservation Era?
WWII was the end of the Conversation Era, because America’s primary goal was to consume.
15: When did the environmental era start? Who was responsible for “starting” the movement? How? The environment era start in 1960. Rachel Carson was responsible for “starting” the movement by writing a book called “Silent Springs” that illustrated these environmental problems to the public.
16: Who was Aldo Leopold? Aldo Leopold was an environmental philosopher and who wrote the book “Sand County Almanac” that talked about humans being party of the community that include natural resources.
17: When was the 1st official “Earth Day”? The 1st official “Earth Day” was January 1st, 1970.
18: What were some key legislation in the 60‘s, 70’s and 80’s?
-1964 Wilderness act
-1968 Wild and scenic Rivers act
-1969 National Environmental Policy Act
-1972 The Clean Air Act
-1972 The Clean Water Act
-1972 Pesticide Control Act
-1973 Endangered Species Act
-1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
-1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
-1980 Alaska Lands bill
-1980 Superfund
19: What is the EPA? What are they responsible for? The EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency and they are responsible for federal money for studying and improving environmental quality.
20: Who are the NRCS? What are they responsible for? What about CITES? The NRCS are a Natural Resources Conservation Service and Originally the Soil Conservation Service. They are responsible for monitor private land use, advises landowners on soil/water conservation methods. CITES are Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species and they are responsible for penalizing those who trade in endangered organisms or their body parts.
21: List the following:
* Montreal Protocol:
The 1987 international agreement by UNEP to phase out of ozone-depleting chemicals by 200/2005. Even Though it was successful, there’s new ozone-depleting chemicals being discovered.
* IPCC: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 1998. Thousand of scientists monitor, share and publish reports on atmospheric change
* Kyoto Protocol: A 1997 international agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 5% by 2012. It was NOT signed by the USA.
22: List some of the important U.S. Environmental Laws below:
- Clean Air Act
- Clean Water Act
- NEPA
- FIFRA
- Wilderness Act